Vitamins are substances that are essential for normal metabolism but are supplied chiefly in the diet. Humans can not synthesis vitamins in the body except some vitamin D in the skin and nicotinamide from typtophan.
Lack of a particular vitamin may lead to a specific deficiency syndrome. This may be primary (inadequate diet) or secondary due to failure of absorption (intestinal abnormality or chronic diarrhea) or to increased metabolic need (growth, pregnancy, lactation, hyperthyroidism).
There has recently been great interest in the suggestions that subclinical deficiencies may be a cause of chronic disease and liability to infection. The idea prompted a number of clinical trails that examined the potential benefit of vitamin supplementation in the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease and other common diseases.
Fortunately, most of the vitamins are compartively non-toxic, but prolonged administration of vitamins A and D can have serious ill effects.
Vitamins fall into two groups:
Water soluble vitamins: the B group and viatmin C
Fat soluble vitamins: A, D, E and K
Reference: 'Clinical Pharmacology' by Bennett, P. & Brown, M.
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